A model showing the structure and tissue of a human headPhotograph: Patrick GemmellExtraction of the placenta (plaster relief from a series illustrating the stages of childbirth), c.1900Photograph: Wellcome Library, London/PRSection of the thorax at the level of the heart, made sometime in the 19th century by Joseph Towne, the official modelmaker at Guy’s Hospital in LondonPhotograph: Graham TurnerThe theme of human sexual reproduction – especially women's – was central to many of these anatomical displays. Museum proprietors encouraged women to become better acquainted with their own 'internal machinery'Photograph: Patrick GemmellA close-up of an 'anatomical venus' (late 19th century), typically a female figure used for dissectionPhotograph: Patrick GemmellMale genitalia showing the effects of an unspecified venereal diseasePhotograph: Graham TurnerThe model of a face ravaged by tertiary-stage syphilisPhotograph: Graham TurnerA portrayal of two pregnant womenPhotograph: Graham TurnerAn obstetric teaching model from 18th-century ItalyPhotograph: Graham TurnerDissection of the heads of babiesPhotograph: Wellcome Library, London/PRA wrist with a 'cutaneous horn' growing from itPhotograph: Graham TurnerFemale genitalia showing symptoms of veneral diseasePhotograph: Graham TurnerInfected sores around the penis and scrotumPhotograph: Graham TurnerA man's face showing the effects of syphillisPhotograph: Graham TurnerAnatomical displays of this kind had their share of fairground horror, pictured here is grown man with a conjoined twinPhotograph: Graham TurnerFemale conjoined twinsPhotograph: Graham TurnerA two-headed calfPhotograph: Graham TurnerA model showing the effect of leprosy on the facePhotograph: Graham TurnerA foetus in the wombPhotograph: Graham TurnerAn educational close-up of a sword-swallower and his entrailsPhotograph: Patrick GemmellA depiction of a hypertrophied brainPhotograph: Wellcome Library, London/PRPoster from the collection of Señor Roca, a successful fairground entrepreneurPhotograph: Wellcome Library, London/PRSmallpox pustules on the arm and forearm (late 19th century)Photograph: Wellcome Library, London/PR'Cyclops'Photograph: Graham TurnerExquisite Bodies or the Curious and Grotesque Story of the Anatomical Model, an exhibition at the Wellcome Collection.Photograph: Patrick GemmellThe anatomical venus on its display mountPhotograph: Patrick GemmellFemale dissection models were often made beautiful and alluring, in contrast to grislier models portraying the ravages of drug and alcohol addictionPhotograph: Patrick GemmellModels showing the stages of foetal development Photograph: Patrick Gemmell